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Optogenetics, chemogenetics, and biosensors for neural circuit research

Course overview

Genetically encoded tools for neuroscience enable precise observation and manipulation of defined neural cell types, in behaving animals. This course provides both breadth and depth in the theoretical and practical application of these tools across a variety of classes including experimental designs, and with an emphasis on hands-on experience.

After completing this course, a student should expect to be knowledgeable about a wide range of molecular tools, have experience with multiplexed read/write experimental design, understand how to integrate optical hardware with rodent behavior, and appreciate nuances between 1-photon and 2 photon implementations. Interpretation and data analysis are integrated across the course.

Course directors

Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel

Bordeaux University, France

University of Texas, Austin, USA

Keynote Speakers

Camilla Bellone – Univ. of Geneva, Switzerland
Christina Kim – UC Davis, USA
Karl Deisseroth – Stanford University, USA
Mackenzie Mathis – EPFL, Switzerland
Marie Carlen – Karolinska Institute, Sweden
Michael Bruchas – Univ. of Washington, USA
Simon Wiegert – Univ. Heidelberg, Germany
Stephan Herlitze – Bochum University, Germany
Valentina Emiliani – Institut de la Vision, France
Cyril Herry – Bordeaux University, France
Yaniv Ziv – Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel

Instructors

Daniel Jercog – Univ. of Copenhagen, Denmark
Eyal Bitton – Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
Francois Blot – Institut de la Vision, France
Inbar Saraf-Sinik – Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
Jesse Muir – UC Davis, USA
Jonas Wietek – Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
Mario Carta – Univ. of Bordeaux, France
Meryl Malezieux – Max Planck Institute, Germany
Nikolas Karalis – Paris Brain Institute, France
Olivia Masseck – Univ. of Bremen, Germany
Pritish Patil – Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
Quinn Lee – McGill University, Canada
Sean Piantadosi – Univ. of Washington, USA
Steeve Laquitaine – EPFL, Switzerland
Alon Rubin – Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel

Course content

The course will comprise keynote lectures, hands-on expert workshops in experimental sessions and data analysis. Keynote lecturers will provide an introduction to their respective fields and exciting recent findings, while expert workshops will be given by a selected set of instructors. Instructors will work with the students prior to the course to design and plan their experiments in detail.

Each student will have an opportunity to present his/her work in a poster session, and an interactive journal club will provide the students with an opportunity to present and discuss the seminal studies that have shaped modern neuroscience through the introduction of novel techniques. Following the success of a pilot session held in the previous course, we will also hold semi-formal discussions with directors and instructors about career development, scientific “soft skills” and science communication.

Techniques

  • Stereotaxic surgery: viral vector injection, fiberoptic implants, cranial windows
  • Wide-field fluorescence imaging in vivo
  • Two-photon fluorescence imaging in vivo
  • Optogenetic manipulations: somatic and presynaptic excitation/inhibition
  • Building and implanting electrode arrays for in-vivo recordings
  • In-vivo electrophysiological recordings
  • Spike sorting and electrophysiological data analysis
  • In-vitro imaging in cell culture
  • Fiber photometry recordings in behaving mice
  • Design and execution of behavioral experiments
  • Using DeepLabCut for behavioral analysis
neurons green blue

Projects

● Imaging neural activity with open-source miniscopes

● Photo-pharmacological and wireless optogenetic tools

● Thalamocortical processing of memory

● Methods for the development and characterization of genetically encoded biosensors

● Miniscope calcium imaging and analysis of the spatial code in CA1

● Comparing fluorescence-based sensors for dendritic imagining with in vivo 2-photon microscopy

● Activity-based tagging of neurons for functional dissection experiments

● 2-photon fibreoscope for imaging and holographic optogenetics in freely moving animals

● Computational analytical methods to link high-dimensional neuronal population and behavioral data

● Large-scale electrophysiological investigation of circuit dynamics

● Optogenetic silencing of synaptic terminals in freely moving mice

● Analysis of high dimensional neuronal data

(Illumination and equipment for in-vivo set-ups provided by Prizmatix)

Class of 2024

Bordeaux School of Neuroscience, France

The Bordeaux School of Neuroscience is part of Bordeaux Neurocampus, the Neuroscience Department of the University of Bordeaux. Christophe Mulle, its current director, founded it in 2015. Throughout the year, renowned scientists, promising young researchers and many students from any geographical horizon come to the School.
The school works on this principle: training in neuroscience research through experimental practice, within the framework of a real research laboratory.

Facilities
Their dedicated laboratory (500m2), available for about 20 trainees, is equipped with a wet lab, an in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology room, IT facilities, a standard cellular imaging room, an animal facility equipped for behavior studies and surgery and catering/meeting spaces. They also have access to high-level core facilities within the University of Bordeaux. They offer their services to international training teams who wish to organize courses in all fields of neuroscience thanks to a dedicated staff for the full logistics (travels, accommodation, on-site catering, social events) and administration and 2 scientific managers in support of the experimentation.

Registration

Fee : 3.950 € (includes tuition fee, accommodation and meals)

The CAJAL programme offers 4 stipends per course (waived registration fee, not including travel expenses). Please apply through the course online application form. In order to identify candidates in real need of a stipend, any grant applicant is encouraged to first request funds from their lab, institution or government.

Kindly note that if you benefited from a Cajal stipend in the past, you are no longer eligible to receive this kind of funding. However other types of funding (such as partial travel grants from sponsors) might be made available after the participants selection pro- cess, depending on the course.

Modern Approaches to Behavioural Analysis

Modern Approaches to Behavioural Analysis is a Cajal NeuroKit. The course will combine online lectures on fundamentals and advanced neuroscience topics with guided data analysis and exercises.

Course overview

The goal of neuroscience is to understand how the nervous system controls behaviour, not only in the simplified environments of the lab, but also in the natural environments for which nervous systems evolved.

In pursuing this goal, neuroscience research is supported by an ever-larger toolbox, ranging from optogenetics to connectomics. However, often these tools are coupled with reductionist approaches for linking nervous systems and behaviour. This course will introduce advanced techniques for measuring and analysing behaviour, as well as three fundamental principles as necessary to understanding biological behaviour: (1) morphology and environment; (2) action-perception closed loops and purpose; and (3) individuality and historical contingencies [1].

[1] Gomez-Marin, A., & Ghazanfar, A. A. (2019). The life of behavior. Neuron, 104(1), 25-36

What will you learn?

This course will emphasize the philosophical and observational skills required to understand behaviour, while also providing training in motion capture technologies and computer vision methods that can assist in the collection and analysis of video recorded behaviour datasets.

Focusing on the tool DeepLabCut, students will analyse either their own original video dataset or datasets of general interest and have the opportunity to practice tracking, pose estimation, action segmentation, kinematic analysis and modeling of behaviour.

By the end of the course, you will:

  • be familiar with modern and historical frameworks for studying the behaviour of living biological systems
  • practice methods for carefully and precisely observing and defining behaviours
  • understand the limits and capabilities of computer vision
  • develop an intuition for how to build experimental setups that can take advantage of tools such as DeepLabCut

Furthermore, this course shares and promotes open source software, and we encourage students to try new ideas, share insights, and connect with the open-source community.

Faculty

Course directors

Alexander Mathis

Course Director EPFL, Switzerland

Danbee Kim

Matter Neuroscience, UK

Course contributors

Nicola Clayton, keynote lecture (Cambridge University, UK)

Ole Kiehn, keynote lecture (Copenhagen University, Denmark)

Johanna T Schultz, guest lecture (USC, Australia)

Caleb Weinberg, guest lecture (Harvard Medical School, USA)

Nacho Sanguinetti, guest lecture (Harvard University, USA)

Local Training Hubs

Some of our instructors will be available to run an onsite version of the course in the cities below. This will be a unique opportunity to get in-person tutoring and to take the course alongside other students.

If you’re in or near one of the listed cities and wish to join the onsite course, please indicate your preferred location at the end of your application form in the “Any additional comment” section.

1. Argentina, Buenos Aires

2. Germany, Bochum

3. Greece, Athens

4. Japan, Okinawa

5. Switzerland, Geneva

6. Rwanda, Kigali

7. United Kingdom, Oxford and London

8. Canada, Toronto

9. Germany, Bochum

10. Spain, Valencia

Apply to be a Teaching Assistant!

If you are interested in becoming a Teaching Assistant for this course, we invite you to FILL OUT THIS FORM by the 2nd of August (deadline extended).

You have the option to choose between being an ONLINE TA or a LOCAL TA.

As an ONLINE TA, you will be responsible for teaching exclusively through online platforms. Alternatively, as a LOCAL TA, you will teach a group of students located near you at a local hub.

Last year we had hubs in Buenos Aires, London, Munich, and Nairobi and we are seeking more hubs.

Here is our Global Reach in 2022 (past participants)

Programme

Day 1 – What is animal behaviour?

  • Historical and current theoretical frameworks for the study of behaviour in living biological systems

  • Practical exercises for training skills in observing and defining behaviours

Day 2 – Tools for modern-day ethology

  • Fundamentals of video recording, computer vision, and deep learning

  • Introduction to DeepLabCut

  • Creating a tailored DeepLabCut model for your data or data shared by us.

Day 3 – Training computers to see as we see

  • Multi-animal tracking

  • Live tracking

  • Evaluating, utilizing and optimizing your DeepLabCut model from day 2

Day 4 – Analysis by eye and by computer

  • Movement kinematics in living biological systems

  • Action segmentation – when does a behaviour start and end?

  • Analyse original video dataset of behaviour

  • Joint neural and behavioral analysis

Day 5 – Working on your data and discussion

  • Advanced DLC topics and potential pitfalls

  • Keep analyzing data and student presentations

The course will be held from 13:00 to 17:00 GMT.

Registration

Registration fee: 200€ per person (includes pre-recorded and live lectures before and during the course, tutoring, and course certificate).

To receive more information about this NeuroKit course, email info@cajal-training.org

Sponsors